Summary
The General Assembly’s resolution ES-10/27, adopted on 12 June 2025, which demands an immediate, unconditional and permanent ceasefire in Gaza and the release of all hostages held by Hamas and other groups, strongly condemns starvation of civilians as a method of warfare and the unlawful denial of humanitarian access after the Israeli Government’s block on aid since 2 March 2025 for over 2 million people, demands Israel end the blockade and open all crossings, demands full implementation of Security Council resolution 2735 (2024), calls on Member States to take all measures necessary to ensure Israel’s compliance, affirms UNRWA as the backbone of the humanitarian response in Gaza, welcomes the Arab League–OIC recovery and reconstruction plan with a leading role for the Palestinian Authority, and reiterates the two-State solution while demanding a halt to settlement activity and forcible displacement in the West Bank including East Jerusalem (Resolution ES-10/27: Protection of civilians and upholding legal and humanitarian obligations (12 June 2025), PDF p.1-5).
What the file is
United Nations document A/RES/ES-10/27, General Assembly, Distr.: General, 13 June 2025, Tenth emergency special session, Agenda item 5, 5 PDF pages, about 2,572 words in the text copy. Adopted at the 60th plenary meeting on 12 June 2025, without reference to a Main Committee (A/ES-10/L.34/Rev.1). The text copy is clean and matches the original. No vote count is given in the file.
Section by section
- Preamble (PDF p.1-3). Charter and Palestine resolutions; compliance and accountability; deploring the end of the ceasefire and the aid block since 2 March 2025, with catastrophic conditions and famine risk in Gaza; support for Egyptian, Qatari and United States mediation to restore the ceasefire agreement in all phases; the Court’s 2024 provisional measures orders in South Africa v. Israel, the 28 March 2024 order quoted at length and stated to have remained unheeded, the 19 July 2024 advisory opinion and the resolution 79/232 request; the occupying Power’s relief-scheme duty; Charter Articles 100, 104 and 105 and the privileges and safety conventions; deep alarm at humanitarian workers killed, the majority UNRWA staff, no number given; grave concern at West Bank escalation including settlement activity, settler violence and demolitions; UNRWA’s establishment by resolution 302 (IV) and its role for more than seven decades.
- Operative paragraphs 1-6 (PDF p.3-4). Paragraph 1 demands the permanent ceasefire; paragraph 2 recalls the hostage-release demand; paragraph 3 demands implementation of resolution 2735 in full; paragraph 4 demands legal compliance and accountability; paragraph 5 strongly condemns starvation and unlawful denial of access; paragraph 6 demands facilitation of assistance at scale throughout Gaza in coordination with the United Nations.
- Operative paragraphs 7-15 (PDF p.4-5). Paragraph 7 addresses detained persons and remains; paragraph 8 recalls the resolution 79/232 request; paragraph 9 demands Israel end the blockade and open all crossings; paragraph 10 calls on Member States to take all measures necessary for Israel’s compliance; paragraphs 11-14 address privileges and immunities and protection of humanitarian, medical and civilian objects; paragraph 15 welcomes the United Nations-Coordinated Plan to Resume Humanitarian Aid Deliveries to Gaza.
- Operative paragraphs 16-21 (PDF p.5). Paragraph 17 affirms UNRWA as backbone, welcomes the Colonna implementation commitment and the commissioned strategic assessment; paragraph 18 welcomes the League of Arab States–Organization of Islamic Cooperation recovery and reconstruction plan with a leading Palestinian Authority role and Egypt’s planned conference; paragraph 19 reiterates the two-State solution, rejects demographic and territorial change and forcible displacement, and demands a halt to settlement construction, demolitions, evictions and settler violence and steps to unify Gaza with the West Bank under the Palestinian Authority; paragraphs 20-21 reaffirm permanent UN responsibility and adjourn the session.
Key passages
- “Demands an immediate, unconditional and permanent ceasefire, to be respected by all parties” (operative paragraph 1, PDF p.3)
- “Strongly condemns any use of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare and the unlawful denial of humanitarian access” (operative paragraph 5, PDF p.3)
Evidence the work relies on
A General Assembly resolution, not an evidentiary work. Its stated bases are the Charter, the recalled resolutions, Security Council resolutions 2730 (2024) and 2735 (2024), the Court’s 2024 provisional measures orders and advisory opinion as summarized in the preamble, and the mediation, United Nations-coordinated aid and Arab League–OIC plans it welcomes. Its only population figure is over 2 million people affected by the aid block; it gives no casualty, hostage or aid-volume figures.
Analysis
This is the successor to ES-10/26’s ceasefire demand, now written after a ceasefire ended and an aid block began: the new material is the 2 March 2025 block, the starvation condemnation in paragraph 5, the end-the-blockade demand in paragraph 9, and the Member State compliance call in paragraph 10, which is the batch’s strongest enforcement language in an Assembly text. UNRWA is affirmed again as backbone, but paragraph 17 also records the Secretary-General’s strategic assessment of the Agency, and paragraph 18 shifts reconstruction leadership to the Palestinian Authority under an Arab plan rather than a United Nations plan.
People, organizations, places and events
UN General Assembly Resolution ES-10/27, UNRWA, Gaza, Hamas, International Court of Justice, UN Security Council Resolution 2735, Palestinian Authority, West Bank
Concepts
Two-state solution, Self-determination
How it relates to other sources
- Resolution ES-10/26: Demand for ceasefire in Gaza (11 December 2024) demanded the same permanent ceasefire six months earlier; this resolution repeats it after what it calls the end of the ceasefire, and adds the blockade and starvation paragraphs.
- Resolution 79/232: Request for an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the obligations of Israel in relation to the presence and activities of the United Nations, other international organizations and third States (19 December 2024) is the request paragraph 8 recalls; its opinion had not yet been rendered when this resolution was adopted.
- Resolution 80/116: Advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the Obligations of Israel in relation to the presence and activities of the United Nations, other international organizations and third States (12 December 2025) later affirms the Court’s findings on the same aid block from 2 March 2025 that this resolution deplores.
Open questions
- No vote count is given in the file.
- No figures are given for hostages, detained persons, humanitarian workers killed or aid delivered, so none can be quantified from this file.
- Whether the strategic assessment of UNRWA welcomed in paragraph 17 was completed is not recorded in this file.
Coverage
PDF p.1-5 of 5, read in full.